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The Politics in Pakistan () takes place within the framework under which the country is established by the Constitution.〔Preamble to the Constitution of Pakistan〕 Classified itself as a nation-state in South Asia, Pakistan is an Islamic and federal parliamentary republic with Islam being its state religion.〔(Article 1(1)–6(3) ) in the Part I: Introductory] of the Constitution of Pakistan〕 Stipulations set by the Constitution to provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between Executive, Parliament, and Judicature are reserved as the federal government shares sovereignty with the provincial governments.〔See (Part III: The Federation of Pakistan ) of the Constitution of Pakistan〕 The Prime Minister of Pakistan solely leads the executive government which is independent of the state parliament.〔(Article 90(1)-100(4) in the Chapter 3: The Federal Government of the Part III: The Federation of Pakistan ) of the Constitution of Pakistan〕 A bicameral parliament that is composed of two chambers– the Senate (upper house and the National Assembly (lower house). The Judicature branch forms with the composition of the Supreme Court as an apex court, alongside the high courts and other inferior courts. The judiciary's function is to interpret the Constitution and federal laws and regulations.〔(Part VII The Judicature Chapter 1-The Court ) of the Constitution of Pakistan〕 The President of Pakistan is a ceremonial figurehead who represents the unity of the nation-state; the presidency is a vital part of the Parliament.〔(Article 41(1)-49(2) in the Chapter1: The President in the Part III: The Federation of Pakistan ) of the Constitution of Pakistan〕 Since 1947, the military establishment have played an integral and influential role in country's politics. As an aftermath of the large-scale conventional war with India in 1971, the two-party system has dominated in Pakistan's politics; although there have been a sharp rise of other political parties. Political spectrum has been dominated by the competition between the Pakistan Peoples Party (left-wing) and the Pakistan Muslim League-N (right-wing), however there has been a sharp rise in the Social Democracy led by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf since the 2000s. Elections are held every five-consecutive years. The new governments are formed through direct elections followed by the electoral college. The early years of the 2000s saw the rise of coalition governments until the general elections held in 2013, which brought back single-party rule in the country, with the PML(N) being able to claim a simple majority.〔Pakistani general elections 2013〕 ==Executive branch== The president of Pakistan, in keeping with the constitutional provision that the state religion is Islam, must be a Muslim. Elected for a five-year term by an Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate and National Assembly and members of the provincial assemblies, the president is eligible for re-election. But no individual may hold the office for more than two consecutive terms. The president may resign or be impeached and may be removed from office due to incapacity or gross misconduct by a two-thirds vote of the members of the parliament. The president generally acts on the advice of the prime minister but has important residual powers. One of the most important of these powers—a legacy of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq—is the president's power to dissolve the National Assembly "in his discretion where, in has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary." This power has twice been granted —by the Eighth Amendment in 1985 and by the Seventeenth Amendment in 2003—and has twice been revoked—by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1997 and by the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010. Despite this most recent power-stripping, the President remains the ''ex officio'' chair of the National Security Council, as per the National Security Act 2004. The prime minister is appointed by the members of the National Assembly through a vote. The prime minister is assisted by the Federal Cabinet, a council of ministers whose members are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister. The Federal Cabinet comprises the ministers, ministers of state, and advisers. As of early 1994, there were thirty-three ministerial portfolios: commerce; communications; culture; defence; defence production; education; environment; finance and economic affairs; food and agriculture; foreign affairs; health; housing; information and broadcasting; interior; Kashmiri affairs and Northern Areas; law and justice; local government; minority affairs; narcotics control; parliamentary affairs; petroleum and natural resources production; planning and development; railways; religious affairs; science and technology; social welfare; special education; sports; state and frontier regions; tourism; water and power; women's development; and youth affairs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Politics of Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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